From low to high pathogenicity-Characterization of H7N7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks.
Identifieur interne : 000041 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000040; suivant : 000042From low to high pathogenicity-Characterization of H7N7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks.
Auteurs : Klaas Dietze [Allemagne] ; Annika Graaf [Allemagne] ; Timo Homeier-Bachmann [Allemagne] ; Christian Grund [Allemagne] ; Leonie Forth [Allemagne] ; Anne Pohlmann [Allemagne] ; Christa Jeske [Allemagne] ; Mattis Wintermann [Allemagne] ; Martin Beer [Allemagne] ; Franz J. Conraths [Allemagne] ; Timm Harder [Allemagne]Source :
- Transboundary and emerging diseases [ 1865-1682 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Allemagne (épidémiologie), Animaux, Flambées de maladies (médecine vétérinaire), Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie), Grippe chez les oiseaux (épidémiologie), Génome viral (génétique), Maladies de la volaille (virologie), Maladies de la volaille (épidémiologie), Mutation, Poulets (virologie), Sous-type H7N7 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité), Virulence, Volaille.
- MESH :
- génétique : Génome viral.
- médecine vétérinaire : Flambées de maladies.
- pathogénicité : Sous-type H7N7 du virus de la grippe A.
- virologie : Grippe chez les oiseaux, Maladies de la volaille, Poulets.
- épidémiologie : Allemagne, Grippe chez les oiseaux, Maladies de la volaille.
- Animaux, Mutation, Virulence, Volaille.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Allemagne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Chickens (virology), Disease Outbreaks (veterinary), Genome, Viral (genetics), Germany (epidemiology), Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype (pathogenicity), Influenza in Birds (epidemiology), Influenza in Birds (virology), Mutation, Poultry, Poultry Diseases (epidemiology), Poultry Diseases (virology), Virulence.
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Germany.
- epidemiology : Influenza in Birds, Poultry Diseases.
- genetics : Genome, Viral.
- pathogenicity : Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype.
- veterinary : Disease Outbreaks.
- virology : Chickens, Influenza in Birds, Poultry Diseases.
- Animals, Mutation, Poultry, Virulence.
Abstract
The ability of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the subtypes H5 and H7 to mutate spontaneously to highly pathogenic (HP) variants is the main reason for their stringent control. On-the-spot evidence from the field of mutations in LPAIV to render the virus into nascent HP variants is scarce. Epidemiological investigations and molecular characterization of two spatiotemporally linked outbreaks caused by LP, and subsequently, HPAIV H7N7 in two-layer farms in Germany yielded such evidence. The outbreaks occurred within 45 days on farms 400 m apart. The LP progenitor virus was identified on both farms, with its putative HP inheritor cocirculating and then dominating on the second farm. As postulated before, mutations in the hemagglutinin cleavage site (HACS) proved to be the most decisive change in the genome of HPAIV, in this case, it was mutated from monobasic (LP) PEIPKGR*GLF into polybasic (HP) PEIPKRKRR*GLF. The full-length genome sequences of both viruses were nearly identical with only ten coding mutations outside the HACS scattered along six genome segments in the HPAIV. Five of these were already present as minor variants in the LPAIV quasispecies of the LPAI-only affected farm. H7-specific seroconversion of part of the chicken population together with the codetection of LPAIV HACS sequences in swab samples of the HPAI outbreak farm suggested an initial introduction of the LP progenitor and a subsequent switch to HPAIV H7N7 after the incursion. The findings provide rare field evidence for a shift in pathogenicity of a notifiable AIV infection and re-inforce the validity of current approaches of control measures to curtail low pathogenic H5 and H7 virus circulation in poultry.
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12906
PubMed: 29790657
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29790657</idno><idno type="pmid">29790657</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/tbed.12906</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000029</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000029</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000029</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000029</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000029</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">From low to high pathogenicity-Characterization of H7N7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks.</title><author><name sortKey="Dietze, Klaas" sort="Dietze, Klaas" uniqKey="Dietze K" first="Klaas" last="Dietze">Klaas Dietze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graaf, Annika" sort="Graaf, Annika" uniqKey="Graaf A" first="Annika" last="Graaf">Annika Graaf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Homeier Bachmann, Timo" sort="Homeier Bachmann, Timo" uniqKey="Homeier Bachmann T" first="Timo" last="Homeier-Bachmann">Timo Homeier-Bachmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grund, Christian" sort="Grund, Christian" uniqKey="Grund C" first="Christian" last="Grund">Christian Grund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forth, Leonie" sort="Forth, Leonie" uniqKey="Forth L" first="Leonie" last="Forth">Leonie Forth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pohlmann, Anne" sort="Pohlmann, Anne" uniqKey="Pohlmann A" first="Anne" last="Pohlmann">Anne Pohlmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jeske, Christa" sort="Jeske, Christa" uniqKey="Jeske C" first="Christa" last="Jeske">Christa Jeske</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LAVES), Wardenburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LAVES), Wardenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Wardenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Wardenburg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Wardenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wintermann, Mattis" sort="Wintermann, Mattis" uniqKey="Wintermann M" first="Mattis" last="Wintermann">Mattis Wintermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Veterinäramt, Landkreis Emsland, Meppen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Veterinäramt, Landkreis Emsland, Meppen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Meppen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Meppen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Meppen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beer, Martin" sort="Beer, Martin" uniqKey="Beer M" first="Martin" last="Beer">Martin Beer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conraths, Franz J" sort="Conraths, Franz J" uniqKey="Conraths F" first="Franz J" last="Conraths">Franz J. Conraths</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harder, Timm" sort="Harder, Timm" uniqKey="Harder T" first="Timm" last="Harder">Timm Harder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Greifswald</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Transboundary and emerging diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1865-1682</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chickens (virology)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (veterinary)</term><term>Genome, Viral (genetics)</term><term>Germany (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype (pathogenicity)</term><term>Influenza in Birds (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza in Birds (virology)</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Poultry</term><term>Poultry Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Poultry Diseases (virology)</term><term>Virulence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Allemagne (épidémiologie)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Flambées de maladies (médecine vétérinaire)</term><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie)</term><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (épidémiologie)</term><term>Génome viral (génétique)</term><term>Maladies de la volaille (virologie)</term><term>Maladies de la volaille (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Poulets (virologie)</term><term>Sous-type H7N7 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité)</term><term>Virulence</term><term>Volaille</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Germany</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza in Birds</term><term>Poultry Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genome, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génome viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H7N7 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term><term>Maladies de la volaille</term><term>Poulets</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Chickens</term><term>Influenza in Birds</term><term>Poultry Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Allemagne</term><term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term><term>Maladies de la volaille</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Poultry</term><term>Virulence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Virulence</term><term>Volaille</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Allemagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The ability of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the subtypes H5 and H7 to mutate spontaneously to highly pathogenic (HP) variants is the main reason for their stringent control. On-the-spot evidence from the field of mutations in LPAIV to render the virus into nascent HP variants is scarce. Epidemiological investigations and molecular characterization of two spatiotemporally linked outbreaks caused by LP, and subsequently, HPAIV H7N7 in two-layer farms in Germany yielded such evidence. The outbreaks occurred within 45 days on farms 400 m apart. The LP progenitor virus was identified on both farms, with its putative HP inheritor cocirculating and then dominating on the second farm. As postulated before, mutations in the hemagglutinin cleavage site (HACS) proved to be the most decisive change in the genome of HPAIV, in this case, it was mutated from monobasic (LP) PEIPKGR*GLF into polybasic (HP) PEIPKRKRR*GLF. The full-length genome sequences of both viruses were nearly identical with only ten coding mutations outside the HACS scattered along six genome segments in the HPAIV. Five of these were already present as minor variants in the LPAIV quasispecies of the LPAI-only affected farm. H7-specific seroconversion of part of the chicken population together with the codetection of LPAIV HACS sequences in swab samples of the HPAI outbreak farm suggested an initial introduction of the LP progenitor and a subsequent switch to HPAIV H7N7 after the incursion. The findings provide rare field evidence for a shift in pathogenicity of a notifiable AIV infection and re-inforce the validity of current approaches of control measures to curtail low pathogenic H5 and H7 virus circulation in poultry.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29790657</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1865-1682</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>65</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Transboundary and emerging diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Transbound Emerg Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>From low to high pathogenicity-Characterization of H7N7 avian influenza viruses in two epidemiologically linked outbreaks.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1576-1587</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/tbed.12906</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The ability of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the subtypes H5 and H7 to mutate spontaneously to highly pathogenic (HP) variants is the main reason for their stringent control. On-the-spot evidence from the field of mutations in LPAIV to render the virus into nascent HP variants is scarce. Epidemiological investigations and molecular characterization of two spatiotemporally linked outbreaks caused by LP, and subsequently, HPAIV H7N7 in two-layer farms in Germany yielded such evidence. The outbreaks occurred within 45 days on farms 400 m apart. The LP progenitor virus was identified on both farms, with its putative HP inheritor cocirculating and then dominating on the second farm. As postulated before, mutations in the hemagglutinin cleavage site (HACS) proved to be the most decisive change in the genome of HPAIV, in this case, it was mutated from monobasic (LP) PEIPKGR*GLF into polybasic (HP) PEIPKRKRR*GLF. The full-length genome sequences of both viruses were nearly identical with only ten coding mutations outside the HACS scattered along six genome segments in the HPAIV. Five of these were already present as minor variants in the LPAIV quasispecies of the LPAI-only affected farm. H7-specific seroconversion of part of the chicken population together with the codetection of LPAIV HACS sequences in swab samples of the HPAI outbreak farm suggested an initial introduction of the LP progenitor and a subsequent switch to HPAIV H7N7 after the incursion. The findings provide rare field evidence for a shift in pathogenicity of a notifiable AIV infection and re-inforce the validity of current approaches of control measures to curtail low pathogenic H5 and H7 virus circulation in poultry.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dietze</LastName><ForeName>Klaas</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-6707</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Graaf</LastName><ForeName>Annika</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Homeier-Bachmann</LastName><ForeName>Timo</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grund</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Forth</LastName><ForeName>Leonie</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pohlmann</LastName><ForeName>Anne</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jeske</LastName><ForeName>Christa</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LAVES), Wardenburg, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wintermann</LastName><ForeName>Mattis</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Veterinäramt, Landkreis Emsland, Meppen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beer</LastName><ForeName>Martin</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-5254</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Conraths</LastName><ForeName>Franz J</ForeName><Initials>FJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harder</LastName><ForeName>Timm</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>643476</GrantID><Agency>European Union's Horizon 2020 programme</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>23</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Transbound Emerg Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101319538</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1865-1674</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002645" MajorTopicYN="N">Chickens</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004196" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Outbreaks</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="Y">veterinary</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016679" MajorTopicYN="N">Genome, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005858" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Germany</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053126" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005585" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza in Birds</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009154" MajorTopicYN="N">Mutation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011200" MajorTopicYN="N">Poultry</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011201" MajorTopicYN="N">Poultry Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014774" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">H7</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">avian influenza</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">disease control</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">molecular epidemiology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">outbreak investigation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pathogenicity</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">quasispecies</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2018</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29790657</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/tbed.12906</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dietze, Klaas" sort="Dietze, Klaas" uniqKey="Dietze K" first="Klaas" last="Dietze">Klaas Dietze</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Beer, Martin" sort="Beer, Martin" uniqKey="Beer M" first="Martin" last="Beer">Martin Beer</name><name sortKey="Conraths, Franz J" sort="Conraths, Franz J" uniqKey="Conraths F" first="Franz J" last="Conraths">Franz J. Conraths</name><name sortKey="Forth, Leonie" sort="Forth, Leonie" uniqKey="Forth L" first="Leonie" last="Forth">Leonie Forth</name><name sortKey="Graaf, Annika" sort="Graaf, Annika" uniqKey="Graaf A" first="Annika" last="Graaf">Annika Graaf</name><name sortKey="Grund, Christian" sort="Grund, Christian" uniqKey="Grund C" first="Christian" last="Grund">Christian Grund</name><name sortKey="Harder, Timm" sort="Harder, Timm" uniqKey="Harder T" first="Timm" last="Harder">Timm Harder</name><name sortKey="Homeier Bachmann, Timo" sort="Homeier Bachmann, Timo" uniqKey="Homeier Bachmann T" first="Timo" last="Homeier-Bachmann">Timo Homeier-Bachmann</name><name sortKey="Jeske, Christa" sort="Jeske, Christa" uniqKey="Jeske C" first="Christa" last="Jeske">Christa Jeske</name><name sortKey="Pohlmann, Anne" sort="Pohlmann, Anne" uniqKey="Pohlmann A" first="Anne" last="Pohlmann">Anne Pohlmann</name><name sortKey="Wintermann, Mattis" sort="Wintermann, Mattis" uniqKey="Wintermann M" first="Mattis" last="Wintermann">Mattis Wintermann</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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